Bullying takes place all over the world. One study estimated that 200 million children worldwide are affected. School districts and governments are taking steps to educate the public and enforce policies to reduce the incidence of bullying behavior in children. A quick look at some of the statistics reveals why this is so important.

It has been estimated that, in the United States, up to half of all children are bullied at some point, and about ten percent are bullied regularly. In Australia, it is one in four. A Canadian study found cases of bullying in children as young as three years old. The age group from 11 to 14 years is the most affected, according to statistics from several countries.

While the incidence of bullying behavior on the schoolyard is not increasing, the use of text messages, Internet chat rooms, and email in a threatening or abusive manner is on the rise. The number of victims of cyberbullies can be as high as 20 percent. In one study, one in five kids admitted to text bullying.

Being bullied has serious emotional consequences. A study in the UK found that victims were more likely to develop psychotic symptoms. Other studies showed that they are three times more likely to become depressed and nine times more likely to have suicidal thoughts. 160,000 American children skip school every day for fear of being bullied. Physical manifestations of stress are common, such as stomachaches, headaches, and difficulty sleeping.

Twenty-five per cent of UK victims surveyed said the psychological effects of being bullied persisted into adulthood. Women, in particular, were more likely to continue to be victims of verbal or physical abuse. Both sexes often develop drug or alcohol dependence.

Another main reason it’s so important to stop bullying behavior is that it doesn’t end with graduation. One in four stalkers has a criminal record by the age of 30, and they are more likely to abuse their romantic partners and children. Bullies are more likely to be victims of physical or emotional abuse at home. They are often lonely and do poorly in school, characteristics that are also seen in the victims. About six percent of children interviewed for one study were both victims and bullies.

These statistics provide evidence of the severity of the problem. It is essential to create an environment in which children feel safe to report bullies or to speak up when they witness a situation. Programs must involve students, parents, teachers, administrators, school bus drivers, and the community at large.

The most vital element is empowering children, giving them the tools and skills to stand up for themselves and others when bullying situations arise. Bullies seek approval and status from their peers, and when denied, the behavior will cease. This principle, known as “operant conditioning,” is more effective than punishment-based methods in changing behaviors. Of course, children who bully must also be disciplined.