For some countries it is not necessary to get vaccinated, but the further you are from the beaten track, the more necessary it is to take precautions. Keep in mind that there is often an increased risk of illness with children and during pregnancy.

Allow enough time to get vaccinated before you leave: some of them require an initial shot followed by a booster, and some vaccines should not be given together. It is recommended to consult a doctor at least six weeks before the trip.

Record all vaccinations on an International Health Certificate, which is available from your doctor or government health department.

Discuss your requirements with your doctor, vaccinations that may be required include:

Anger:

Despite its limited protection, in some situations it may be convenient to have the cholera vaccine, for example, for the trans-African traveller. Very occasionally, immigration officials require travelers to present a certificate, despite the fact that all countries and the WHO have removed cholera vaccination as a health requirement. You may be able to get a certificate without having the injection of a doctor or health center sympathetic to the vagaries of traveling in Africa.

Hepatitis A:

The most common travel-acquired illness after diarrhea that can put you out of action for weeks. Havrix is ​​a vaccine that provides long-term immunity (possibly more than 10 years) after an initial injection and a booster at 6 to 12 months. Gamma globulin is not a vaccine, but a ready-to-use antibody obtained from blood donations. It should be given near the outlet because, depending on the dose, it only protects for two to six months.

Hepatitis B:

This disease is spread through blood or sexual activity. Travelers who should consider getting vaccinated against hepatitis B include those visiting countries where there are known to be many carriers, where blood transfusions may not be adequately controlled, or where there is a possibility of sexual contact. It involves three injections, the fastest course is three weeks with a booster at 12 months.

Japanese B encephalitis:

This mosquito-borne disease is not of great risk to travellers. It happens in Asia. Consider vaccination if you spend a month or more in a high-risk area, make repeated trips to a risk area, or visit during an epidemic. It involves three injections over 30 days. The vaccine is expensive and has been associated with severe allergic reactions, so the decision to receive it must be weighed against the risk of contracting the disease.

Meningococcal meningitis: Healthy people carry this disease; It spreads like a cold and you can die within a few hours. There are many carriers, and vaccination is recommended for travelers to certain parts of Asia, India, Africa, and South America. It is also required for all Haj pilgrims entering Saudi Arabia. A single injection will provide good protection for three years. The vaccine is not recommended for children under two years of age because they do not develop satisfactory immunity.

Polio:

Poliomyelitis is a serious, easily transmitted disease that is still prevalent in many developing countries. Everyone should keep up to date with this vaccination. A booster every 10 years maintains immunity.

Rage:

Vaccination should be considered for those who will be spending a month or more in a country where rabies is common, especially if they ride a bicycle, handle animals, go caving, travel to remote areas, or for children (who may not report a bite ). Pre-travel rabies vaccination consists of receiving three injections over 21 to 28 days. If someone who has been vaccinated is bitten or scratched by an animal, they will need two booster shots of the vaccine, those who are not vaccinated will need more.

Diphtheria Tetanus:

Tetanus can be a fatal wound infection and diphtheria can be a fatal throat infection. Everyone should have these shots. After an initial course of three injections, boosters are needed every 10 years.

Tuberculosis:

The risk of tuberculosis for travelers is usually very low. For those who will be living or closely associated with the local population in high-risk areas such as Asia, Africa, and parts of the Americas and the Pacific, there may be some risk. Since most healthy adults do not develop symptoms, a pre- and post-travel skin test may be considered to determine if exposure has occurred. A vaccine is recommended for children who live in these areas for three months or more.

typhoid:

This is an important vaccine where hygiene is an issue. Available as injection or oral capsules.

Yellow fever:

Yellow fever is now the only vaccine that is legally required to enter many countries, usually only given when coming from an infected area. Protection lasts 10 years and is recommended where the disease is endemic, for example Africa and South America. Normally you have to go to a special vaccination center against yellow fever. Vaccination poses a certain risk during pregnancy but if you must travel to a high-risk area it is advisable; note that people with allergies to eggs may not be able to receive this vaccine.

Before you travel, discuss immunization with your doctor.

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